● The `color{violet}("stomach")` stores the food for 4-5 hours.

● The `color{violet}("food mixes")` thoroughly with the `color{violet}("acidic gastric juice")` of the stomach by the churning movements of its `color{violet}("muscular wall")` and is called the `color{brown}("chyme.")`



● The `color{brown}("proenzyme pepsinogen,")` on exposure to `color{violet}("hydrochloric acid")` gets converted into the active enzyme `color{brown}("pepsin")`, the proteolytic enzyme of the stomach.

● `color{violet}("Pepsin")` converts proteins into `color{brown}("proteoses and peptones")` (peptides).

● The `color{brown}("mucus and bicarbonates")` present in the `color{violet}("gastric juice")` play an important role in lubrication and protection of the `color{violet}("mucosal epithelium")` from excoriation by the highly concentrated `color{violet}("hydrochloric acid.")`

● `color{violet}("HCl")` provides the acidic `color{brown}("pH (pH 1.8)")` optimal for `color{violet}("pepsins.")`

● `color{brown}("Rennin")` is a `color{violet}("proteolytic enzyme")` found in `color{violet}("gastric juice")` of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins.

● Small amounts of `color{brown}("lipases")` are also secreted by `color{violet}("gastric glands.")`

● Various types of movements are generated by the `color{violet}("muscularis layer")` of the `color{violet}("small intestine.")`

● These movements help in a thorough mixing up of the `color{violet}("food")` with various secretions in the intestine and thereby facilitate digestion.

● The `color{violet}("bile, pancreatic juice")` and the `color{violet}("intestinal juice")` are the secretions released into the `color{violet}("small intestine.")`

`star` `color{green}("Pancreatic juice:")`

● `color{violet}("Pancreatic juice")` and bile are released through the `color{brown}("hepato-pancreatic duct")`.

● The `color{violet}("pancreatic juice")` contains inactive enzymes – `color{brown}("trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidases, amylases, lipases and nucleases.")`

● `color{brown}("Trypsinogen")` is activated by an enzyme,`color{brown}(" enterokinase,")` secreted by the `color{violet}("intestinal mucosa")` into `color{brown}("active")` trypsin, which in turn activates the other `color{violet}("enzymes")` in the`color{violet}(" pancreatic juice.")`

● The bile released into the `color{violet}("duodenum")` contains bile pigments (`color{brown}("bilirubin and bili-verdin")`), bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipids but no enzymes.

● Bile helps in `color{brown}("emulsification of fats")`, i.e., breaking down of the fats into very `color{violet}("small micelles.")`

● Bile also `color{brown}("activates lipases.")`